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Reference link: http://www.streamingmedia.com/Articles/Editorial/What-Is-.../What-is-Encoding-and-Transcoding-75025.aspx

Encode (or Compress)
To convert for storage or transmission, particularly when the new file uses a lower data rate than the original, or a more lossy codec.

為了儲存或是傳輸而轉換檔案格式，比起原生檔案，新檔案需要更低的資料流量，或是使用壓縮更多的編碼，就是Encode (實為壓縮資料量之意)

Re-encode
The process of saving a file back to its existing format after performing some kind of editing process.

經過剪輯，重新儲存檔案到指定格式的過程

Transcode
To convert to a different format of similar or like quality to gain compatibility with another program or application

為了其他的應用程式，轉換檔案格式時盡可能保有原品質或是增強匹配能力

Transrate
To convert to a different data rate using the same format.

使用相同檔案格式，轉換資料流量

Transsize
Convert to a different resolution using the same format.

使用相同檔案格式，解析度卻不同

Transmux
Convert to a different container format without changing the file contents

使用不同的container，而無須改變檔案內容